import string
import timeit

def profile(fn):
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        t = timeit.default_timer()
        r = fn(*args)
        print(fn.__name__ + ':', round(timeit.default_timer() - t, 4), ' ms')
        return r
    return wrapper

@profile
def check_templates(cnt = 1000):
    ptn = string.Template('Hi, $name')
    for i in range(cnt):
        s = ptn.substitute(name='John')
    # print(s)

@profile
def check_format(cnt = 1000):
    for i in range(cnt):
        ptn = 'Hi, {}'
        s = ptn.format('John')
    # print(s)

@profile
def check_percent_op(cnt = 1000):
    for i in range(cnt):
        ptn = 'Hi, %s'
        s = ptn%('John')
    # print(s)


@profile
def check_f(cnt = 1000):
    name = 'John'
    for i in range(cnt):
        s = f'Hi, {name}'
    # print(s)

@profile
def check_concat(cnt = 1000):
    name = 'John'
    for i in range(cnt):
        s = f'Hi, ' + name
    # print(s)


@profile
def check_join(cnt = 1000):
    name = 'John'
    for i in range(cnt):
        s = ''.join(('Hi, ', name))
    # print(s)


def main(cnt=1000):
    ops = [
        check_templates, check_format, check_percent_op, check_join, check_f, check_concat
    ]
    for fn in ops: fn(cnt)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(10000)


# output:

# check_templates: 0.1201  ms
# check_format: 0.0079  ms
# check_percent_op: 0.0053  ms
# check_join: 0.0046  ms
# check_f: 0.0028  ms
# check_concat: 0.0026  ms